From Hindi to Irish, via Persian, Russian, Spanish and English, Indo-European languages share a single ancestor. According to Ethnologue, their native speakers make up around 46% of the world's population. The kinship shows in some words: 'three' is tres in Latin, drei in German and trayah in Sanskrit.
In Kuşköy, a mountain village in northern Turkey, people talk across valleys by whistling Turkish. A 2015 study showed that whistled Turkish draws on both hemispheres fairly evenly, whereas spoken Turkish relies mostly on the left. The physical form of the signal, it turns out, matters to the brain.
Speech has no gaps between words. In 1996, researchers played 8-month-old babies a continuous stream of made-up syllables for just two minutes. The infants picked out the 'words' by tracking which syllables tend to follow one another. That's probability calculation, done without a calculator or any visible effort.