Until the 1950s, making large, perfectly flat panes required hours of grinding and polishing. Alastair Pilkington then had the idea of pouring molten glass onto a bath of liquid tin: it spreads into a perfectly flat, smooth sheet with no polishing at all. This “float glass” process now produces most of the world's windows, windscreens and glass façades.
In 1843, inventor Alexander Bain patented a way to send images over telegraph wires using synchronized pendulums. By the 1860s, a commercial fax service was already linking cities. The telephone wasn't patented until 1876, more than three decades after that first fax patent. The fax is really a child of the telegraph age.
On 8 October 1958, in Stockholm, 43-year-old Arne Larsson received the very first implanted pacemaker. The device, designed by engineer Rune Elmqvist and implanted by surgeon Åke Senning, worked for only a few hours and had to be replaced. Larsson went on to receive more than twenty pacemakers in his lifetime. He died in 2001 aged 86, outliving both the engineer and the surgeon.