Every year, winds carry about 180 million tons of Saharan dust out over the Atlantic. NASA satellite measurements show that roughly 28 million tons of it settle on the Amazon basin. That dust delivers about 22,000 tons of phosphorus, a natural fertilizer that roughly offsets what rain and floods wash out of the rainforest's soil.
On 27 August 1883, the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa was heard as far away as Rodrigues Island, nearly 4,800 km away. Its pressure wave was picked up by barometers worldwide and circled the globe several times. The tsunamis that followed killed more than 36,000 people.
The deepest known point in the ocean, Challenger Deep, lies roughly 10,900 m below the Pacific surface. Drop Everest in and its summit would still sit about 2 km underwater. Down there, the pressure is more than 1,000 times what you feel at sea level, roughly a tonne pressing on every square centimetre.