Capsaicin in chili peppers activates TRPV1, the sensor that normally detects painful heat above roughly 43 °C. Menthol activates TRPM8, a cold sensor. So your brain receives a genuine signal of burning or freshness, without a single degree of change. The discovery of these sensors earned the 2021 Nobel Prize.
Every day, your kidneys filter around 180 liters of blood plasma, about a bathtub's worth. Yet you only have about 3 liters of plasma, so it passes through your kidneys some sixty times a day. Over 99% of the filtered water is reabsorbed, leaving just one to two liters of urine.
A 70 kg adult is made of about 7 × 10²⁷ atoms, or seven billion billion billion. The observable universe is thought to hold on the order of 10²² to 10²⁴ stars. Even with the high estimate, you contain thousands of times more atoms than there are stars in the entire visible cosmos.