In a combustion car, only a small share of the fuel's energy actually moves the vehicle, often between 15 and 30% depending on conditions. The rest is lost as heat through the exhaust and radiator, and as friction. An electric motor, by contrast, turns roughly 80 to 90% of its battery's energy into motion. That's one reason electric cars use far less energy per kilometre.
In 1843, inventor Alexander Bain patented a way to send images over telegraph wires using synchronized pendulums. By the 1860s, a commercial fax service was already linking cities. The telephone wasn't patented until 1876, more than three decades after that first fax patent. The fax is really a child of the telegraph age.
On 8 October 1958, in Stockholm, 43-year-old Arne Larsson received the very first implanted pacemaker. The device, designed by engineer Rune Elmqvist and implanted by surgeon Åke Senning, worked for only a few hours and had to be replaced. Larsson went on to receive more than twenty pacemakers in his lifetime. He died in 2001 aged 86, outliving both the engineer and the surgeon.