A lichen is a union between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium: the fungus provides shelter while its partner makes sugars through photosynthesis. In 2016, a surprise shook up this 150-year-old picture: many lichens also host a yeast, a third partner that had gone unnoticed. Together, they colonize rocks, tree bark and frozen deserts.
In 2022, a young tagged bar-tailed godwit flew from Alaska to Tasmania in about 11 days of nonstop flight, covering 13,560 km without eating, drinking or landing. Before departure, these birds pile on huge fat reserves and shrink their digestive organs, which are useless during the journey.
To escape rivals, a dung beetle rolls its ball of dung in a straight line. At night, it holds its course using the glowing band of the Milky Way. In a planetarium, researchers showed that beetles rolled straight under a starry sky but wandered aimlessly when the galaxy was switched off. It was the first animal known to navigate this way.