The lowest air temperature ever recorded by a weather station is −89.2 °C, at Vostok on 21 July 1983. But in 2018, satellite data showed that in small hollows on the high Antarctic plateau, the snow surface can drop to about −98 °C on clear, calm nights. That is probably close to the coldest it can physically get at Earth's surface.
On 27 August 1883, the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa was heard as far away as Rodrigues Island, nearly 4,800 km away. Its pressure wave was picked up by barometers worldwide and circled the globe several times. The tsunamis that followed killed more than 36,000 people.
The deepest known point in the ocean, Challenger Deep, lies roughly 10,900 m below the Pacific surface. Drop Everest in and its summit would still sit about 2 km underwater. Down there, the pressure is more than 1,000 times what you feel at sea level, roughly a tonne pressing on every square centimetre.