The NHS and the British Red Cross advise putting a burn under cool or lukewarm running water straight away, for 20 minutes, after removing jewellery and any clothing not stuck to the skin. Cooling limits how deep the damage goes. No ice, which harms the tissue further, and no butter, toothpaste or greasy creams, which trap heat. Then cover it loosely with cling film and seek advice if the burn is large.
Chlorine on its own is fairly gentle. But when it combines with urine, sweat and other grime from swimmers, it forms chloramines, which cause stinging eyes and that classic 'chlorine smell'. A well-kept pool barely smells at all. Shower before you swim and never pee in the water.
Muscle mass slowly shrinks with age, putting independence at risk. But in 1990, a study had nursing home residents aged 86 to 96 train their legs for eight weeks: their strength more than doubled. Muscle responds to training at any age. Getting up from a chair without using your hands is already an exercise.