Pastry cooks have long known it: whisked in a copper bowl, egg whites form a more stable foam that doesn't turn grainy and weep when overbeaten. In 1984, Harold McGee credited a copper-binding protein in the white, in the journal Nature. He later suggested instead that the metal blocks certain sulfur bonds between proteins. A pinch of cream of tartar, an acid, has a similar effect.
Chlorine on its own is fairly gentle. But when it combines with urine, sweat and other grime from swimmers, it forms chloramines, which cause stinging eyes and that classic 'chlorine smell'. A well-kept pool barely smells at all. Shower before you swim and never pee in the water.
Muscle mass slowly shrinks with age, putting independence at risk. But in 1990, a study had nursing home residents aged 86 to 96 train their legs for eight weeks: their strength more than doubled. Muscle responds to training at any age. Getting up from a chair without using your hands is already an exercise.