A 2007 study in Nature showed 6- and 10-month-olds a puppet trying to climb a hill, helped by one character and pushed back by another. Most babies then reached for the helper, suggesting an early moral sense. In 2025, a replication across 37 labs that tested more than 1,000 babies found no preference at all: infants picked the helper about half the time, no better than chance.
Remembering is not replaying a recording — it is rebuilding. Each time you recall a memory, it becomes temporarily malleable and can be altered before being stored again. That is why two people can sincerely remember the same event… differently.
In 2003, Johnson and Goldstein compared European countries. Where you must tick a box to become a donor, consent rates ranged from 4% to 28%. Where you're a donor by default unless you opt out, they topped 85%. People aren't more generous on one side; most simply stick with whatever option was chosen for them.