On 4 June 1996, the first Ariane 5 broke apart about 40 seconds after liftoff. The culprit: software inherited from Ariane 4 tried to squeeze a velocity-related value, too large for the new, faster rocket, into a 16-bit slot. The conversion overflowed and both inertial navigation units shut down. It remains one of the costliest bugs in history.
In 1843, inventor Alexander Bain patented a way to send images over telegraph wires using synchronized pendulums. By the 1860s, a commercial fax service was already linking cities. The telephone wasn't patented until 1876, more than three decades after that first fax patent. The fax is really a child of the telegraph age.
On 8 October 1958, in Stockholm, 43-year-old Arne Larsson received the very first implanted pacemaker. The device, designed by engineer Rune Elmqvist and implanted by surgeon Åke Senning, worked for only a few hours and had to be replaced. Larsson went on to receive more than twenty pacemakers in his lifetime. He died in 2001 aged 86, outliving both the engineer and the surgeon.